{"id":7944,"date":"2024-04-19T07:06:12","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T05:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wanderers.hu\/etiopia-egy-orszag-afrika-tetejen\/"},"modified":"2025-02-13T15:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T14:45:18","slug":"etiopia-egy-orszag-afrika-tetejen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wanderers.hu\/2024\/04\/19\/etiopia-egy-orszag-afrika-tetejen\/","title":{"rendered":"Eti\u00f3pia: Egy orsz\u00e1g Afrika tetej\u00e9n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Eti\u00f3pia kapcs\u00e1n cseppet sem t\u00falz\u00e1s az Afrika teteje<\/em> jelz\u0151t haszn\u00e1lni. Noha hatalmas ter\u00fcletei fekszenek tengerszint k\u00f6r\u00fcl, s\u0151t m\u00e9g alatta is, az orsz\u00e1g \u00e1tlagos tengerszint feletti magass\u00e1ga 1300 m\u00e9tern\u00e9l is feljebb van. A f\u0151v\u00e1rost\u00f3l, Addisz Abeb\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9szakra az Eti\u00f3p magasf\u00f6ld\u00f6n<\/a> t\u00f6bb mint k\u00e9t tucat cs\u00facs ny\u00falik n\u00e9gyezer m\u00e9ter f\u00f6l\u00e9. D\u00e9lre pedig a Bale hegys\u00e9g tov\u00e1bbi n\u00e9gyezres cs\u00facsokkal b\u00fcszk\u00e9lkedik. Maga Addisz Abeba is rekorder ebben a tekintetben: 2300 \u00e9s 3000 m\u00e9ter k\u00f6z\u00f6tti magass\u00e1g\u00e1val Afrika legmagasabban fekv\u0151 f\u0151v\u00e1rosa.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9hins\u00e9gb\u0151l gazdas\u00e1gi fellend\u00fcl\u00e9sbe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vtizeddel ezel\u0151tt az orsz\u00e1g legink\u00e1bb a puszt\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9h\u00edns\u00e9gekkel tudott a figyelem k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ba ker\u00fclni. M\u00e1ra azonban a kontinens egyik dinamikusan fejl\u0151d\u0151, de m\u00e9g t\u00e1volr\u00f3l sem fejlett k\u00f6z\u00e9p hatalma lett. A huszadik sz\u00e1zad derek\u00e1n Szelasszi\u00e9 cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r majd f\u00e9l \u00e9vsz\u00e1zados uralma alatt megkezd\u0151d\u00f6tt az orsz\u00e1g moderniz\u00e1l\u00e1sa. Azonban az azt k\u00f6vet\u0151 polg\u00e1rh\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e9s kommunista diktat\u00fara, valamint a szomsz\u00e9dos Eritre\u00e1val v\u00edvott v\u00e9res h\u00e1bor\u00fa nem sokat seg\u00edtett az addigi fejl\u0151d\u00e9s kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne hagyd ki az orsz\u00e1gr\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt\u00a0\u00e1tfog\u00f3 tud\u00e1st\u00e1runkat<\/a>! Tapasztalt utaz\u00f3k hiteles \u00e9s hasznos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3i. Minden, amit Eti\u00f3pia kapcs\u00e1n tudni \u00e9rdemes a l\u00e1tnival\u00f3kr\u00f3l, nemzeti parkokr\u00f3l \u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1r\u00f3l.\u00a0Megn\u00e9zem<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eti\u00f3pia, az emberis\u00e9g b\u00f6lcs\u0151je<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Eti\u00f3pia egy 1974-es felfedez\u00e9s nyom\u00e1n v\u00e1lt az emberis\u00e9g b\u00f6lcs\u0151j\u00e9v\u00e9<\/a>. Az Afar-medenc\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 Hadarban ugyanis tal\u00e1ltak egy 3,2 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ves, negyven sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kban megmaradt australopithecus csontv\u00e1zat, amelyet Lucy n\u00e9vre kereszteltek. A kutat\u00e1sok sor\u00e1n kider\u00fclt, hogy Lucy ugyan f\u00e1kon \u00e9lt, de m\u00e1r felegyenesedve j\u00e1rt. Eti\u00f3pia ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151 b\u0151 h\u00e1rommilli\u00f3 \u00e9v\u00e9r\u0151l nem sokat tudunk, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 nyomokhoz meg kellett v\u00e1rni az \u00edr\u00e1s elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vil\u00e1gszint\u0171 magaskult\u00fara<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A mai Eti\u00f3pia, egykori nev\u00e9n Abessz\u00ednia ter\u00fclet\u00e9n az els\u0151 sz\u00e1zadban kialakult Aksz\u00fami kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g a kor egyik legfejlettebb civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t hozta l\u00e9tre, melyet egy lapon eml\u00edtettek R\u00f3m\u00e1val, Perzsi\u00e1val \u00e9s K\u00edn\u00e1val. A negyedik sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n, n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vvel \u00d6rm\u00e9nyorsz\u00e1g ut\u00e1n, Eti\u00f3pia m\u00e1sodikk\u00e9nt vette f\u00f6l a kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9get \u00e1llamvall\u00e1sk\u00e9nt.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g a vil\u00e1gkereskedelemben is akt\u00edvan r\u00e9szt vett ekkoriban. Afrika d\u00e9lebbi r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l elef\u00e1ntcsontot, aranyat \u00e9s dr\u00e1gak\u00f6veket export\u00e1lt, mik\u00f6zben a R\u00f3mai Birodalmon \u00e9s a selyem\u00faton kereszt\u00fcl hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rt India \u00e9s K\u00edna legbecsesebb term\u00e9keihez. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A Frigyl\u00e1da \u0151rz\u0151i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e9s\u0151bb, a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkor folyam\u00e1n sz\u00e1mos templom \u00e9s kolostor \u00e9p\u00fclt, majd portug\u00e1l jezsuit\u00e1k hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a r\u00f3mai katolikus lett az \u00e1llamvall\u00e1s. Ezzel p\u00e1rhuzamosan nagy sz\u00e1m\u00fa ortodox n\u00e9pess\u00e9g is \u00e9lt a birodalomban. A kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g nyomai a mai napig l\u00e1that\u00f3k Eti\u00f3pia valamennyi r\u00e9gi\u00f3j\u00e1ban \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos m\u0171eml\u00e9k\u00e9ben, legend\u00e1j\u00e1ban: az ortodox ikonfest\u00e9szet tetten \u00e9rhet\u0151 a Tana-t\u00f3 kolostoraiban. Lalibela, a birodalom egykori f\u0151v\u00e1rosa Jeruzs\u00e1lem mint\u00e1j\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00fclt, a bibliai Frigyl\u00e1d\u00e1t pedig az orsz\u00e1g \u00e9szaki r\u00e9sz\u00e9n fekv\u0151 Aksz\u00famban \u0151rzik. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eti\u00f3pia sosem lett gyarmat <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lib\u00e9ria mellett Eti\u00f3pia maradt az egyetlen afrikai orsz\u00e1g, amelyet sosem gyarmatos\u00edtottak az eur\u00f3pai hatalmak. Noha a huszadik sz\u00e1zad fordul\u00f3ja k\u00f6r\u00fcli gyarmati versenyfut\u00e1sban volt ig\u00e9ny a megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Az Ottom\u00e1n Birodalom k\u00e9tszer is pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkozott egyiptomi er\u0151kkel, mindk\u00e9t k\u00eds\u00e9rletet visszavert\u00e9k. A m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa kit\u00f6r\u00e9se el\u0151tt Olaszorsz\u00e1g megsz\u00e1llta \u00e9s Olasz Kelet-Afrika n\u00e9ven, a mai Szom\u00e1li\u00e1t \u00e9s Eritre\u00e1t m\u00e1r tartalmaz\u00f3 gyarmat birodalm\u00e1hoz csatolta, mint megsz\u00e1llt ter\u00fcletet. Azonban mind\u00f6ssze \u00f6t \u00e9vig b\u00edrta megtartani. A megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s \u00e9vei nem t\u0171ntek el nyomtalanul: ma els\u0151sorban a szomsz\u00e9dos Eritrea f\u0151v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban, Aszmar\u00e1ban l\u00e1thatjuk a korabeli olasz \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet \u00e9s enteri\u0151r\u00f6k megkopott maradv\u00e1nyait.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Addis<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hatalmi amb\u00edci\u00f3k<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Napjainkban Eti\u00f3pia<\/a> nem kisebb amb\u00edci\u00f3kat t\u00e1pl\u00e1l, minthogy Afrika f\u0151v\u00e1rosa legyen. Addisz Abeb\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az Afrikai Uni\u00f3, valamint sz\u00e1mos ENSZ int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny \u00e9s nemzetk\u00f6zi szervezet afrikai k\u00f6zpontja. Az eti\u00f3p l\u00e9git\u00e1rsas\u00e1got \u00e9vek alatt Afrika legnagyobb l\u00e9giflott\u00e1j\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u0151v\u00edtett\u00e9k. Ma kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00f6sszek\u00f6ttet\u00e9st biztos\u00edt Eur\u00f3p\u00e1val, a K\u00f6zel-Kelettel, a t\u00f6bbi afrikai f\u0151v\u00e1rossal, valamint Eti\u00f3pia m\u00e1sk\u00e9nt nehezen megk\u00f6zel\u00edthet\u0151 vid\u00e9ki v\u00e1rosaival.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A hatalmi amb\u00edci\u00f3k, a lakoss\u00e1g robban\u00e1sszer\u0171 n\u00f6veked\u00e9se (az 1983-ban sz\u00e1molt 38 milli\u00f3s n\u00e9pess\u00e9g m\u00e1ra 120 milli\u00f3 f\u00f6l\u00e9 n\u0151tt), valamint a fejletlen infrastrukt\u00fara sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9 tette Afrika eddigi legnagyobb beruh\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ez a Nagy Renesz\u00e1nsz G\u00e1t meg\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se a K\u00e9k-N\u00edluson, mely megdupl\u00e1zza az orsz\u00e1g eddig energia termel\u00e9s\u00e9t. \u00c9s ezzel egy id\u0151ben kiv\u00edvta a foly\u00f3 als\u00f3bb szakasz\u00e1n\u00e1l fekv\u0151, ingatag Szud\u00e1n, illetve a t\u00faln\u00e9pesedett, \u00e9s a N\u00edlus v\u00edz\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1nak maxim\u00e1lisan kiszolg\u00e1ltatott Egyiptom aggodalm\u00e1t \u00e9s haragj\u00e1t, amely n\u00e9ha h\u00e1bor\u00fas fenyeget\u00e9sig fajul.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eti\u00f3pia t\u00e1jai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az orsz\u00e1got \u00e1tszeli a afrikai Nagy-hasad\u00e9kv\u00f6lgy, amelyet az afrikai \u00e9s az \u00e1zsiai k\u0151zetlemez t\u00e1volod\u00e1sa hozott l\u00e9tre. Ez Eti\u00f3pia k\u00e9t magasan fekv\u0151 ter\u00fclete, az eti\u00f3p magasf\u00f6ld, a Simien-hegys\u00e9g, valamint a Bale hegys\u00e9g k\u00f6z\u00f6tt h\u00faz\u00f3dik, \u00e9s az afrikai nagy tavak leg\u00e9szakibb lefoly\u00e1stalan \u00e1ll\u00f3vizei tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k benne. Az orsz\u00e1g alacsonyabban fekv\u0151 vid\u00e9kei sem kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 dr\u00e1maiak. A Danakil-m\u00e9lyf\u00f6ld az eritreai hat\u00e1rn\u00e1l Afrika harmadik legm\u00e9lyebben fekv\u0151 pontja, amelyet h\u00e1rom k\u0151zetlemez tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sa hozott l\u00e9tre, \u00e9s vulk\u00e1ni aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l ismert. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eti\u00f3pia a k\u00e1v\u00e9 \u0151shaz\u00e1ja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e9tk\u00f6znapi \u00e9let\u00fcnkben sz\u00e1mos olyan jelens\u00e9g van, amely szorosan k\u00f6t\u0151dik Eti\u00f3pi\u00e1hoz. Ilyenek p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a k\u00e1v\u00e9, a hossz\u00fat\u00e1vfut\u00e1s, a jazz, vagy a rasztaf\u00e1ri mozgalom. A k\u00e1v\u00e9 olyannyira eti\u00f3p tal\u00e1lm\u00e1ny, hogy a neve is innen ered, m\u00e9gpedig Kaffa tartom\u00e1nyb\u00f3l. A legenda szerint a 9. sz\u00e1zad k\u00f6r\u00fcl kecskep\u00e1sztorok \u00e9szrevett\u00e9k, hogy az \u00e1llataik bizonyos cserj\u00e9k legel\u00e9se ut\u00e1n energikusak \u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9nkek lesznek. A p\u00e1sztorok is tettek egy pr\u00f3b\u00e1t, majd sz\u00e9pen r\u00e1 is kaptak a szerre. Manaps\u00e1g Eti\u00f3pia adja a vil\u00e1gtermel\u00e9s valamivel kevesebb mint \u00f6t\u00f6d\u00e9t. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A rasztaf\u00e1ri mozgalom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A rasztaf\u00e1ri mozgalmat mindenki Jamaik\u00e1hoz k\u00f6ti, Eti\u00f3pia n\u00e9lk\u00fcl azonban sosem alakult volna ki. A Ras Tafari elnevez\u00e9s az utols\u00f3 eti\u00f3p cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r, Hail\u00e9 Szelasszi\u00e9 eredeti nev\u00e9b\u0151l ered. A mozgalom Jamaik\u00e1ban sz\u00fcletett, azonban a bibliai pr\u00f3f\u00e9ci\u00e1k saj\u00e1tos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l azt a k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9st vont\u00e1k le, hogy Eti\u00f3pia cs\u00e1sz\u00e1ra a \u201efekete messi\u00e1s\u201d, akinek az elj\u00f6vetel\u00e9re v\u00e1rtak, Eti\u00f3pia pedig maga a mennyorsz\u00e1g. Hogy ez mennyire nincs \u00edgy, azt sokan megtapasztalt\u00e1k, akik a pr\u00f3f\u00e9ci\u00e1t\u00f3l fellelkesedve a karibi szigetet egy szavann\u00e1s puszt\u00e1ra cser\u00e9lt\u00e9k, ahol a cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n kommunista diktat\u00fara nyomor\u00edtotta \u0151ket, m\u00edg v\u00e9g\u00fcl p\u00e1rsz\u00e1z raszt\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcl senki sem maradt napjainkra. A rasztafari mozgalom piros, s\u00e1rga, z\u00f6ld sz\u00ednei is az eti\u00f3p z\u00e1szl\u00f3b\u00f3l erednek.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A jazz boszork\u00e1nykonyh\u00e1ja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az eti\u00f3p jazz is Szelasszi\u00e9 cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik. Egy jeruzs\u00e1lemi l\u00e1togat\u00e1sakor ugyanis egy \u00f6rm\u00e9ny \u00e1rv\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 rezesbanda fogadta, \u00e9s annyira megtetszett neki a zen\u00e9j\u00fck, hogy Eti\u00f3pi\u00e1ba k\u00f6lt\u00f6ztette \u0151ket. K\u00e9s\u0151bb nagyzenekarr\u00e1 alakultak \u00e1t, meg\u00edrt\u00e1k az eti\u00f3p himnuszt, a tagok pedig saj\u00e1t zenekarokat alap\u00edtottak, \u00e9s \u00f6tv\u00f6zt\u00e9k a jazzt a latin zen\u00e9kkel, meg persze a helyi zen\u00e9vel, nem feledkezve meg az \u00f6rm\u00e9ny hagyom\u00e1nyokr\u00f3l sem.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A vil\u00e1g legjobb hossz\u00fat\u00e1vfut\u00f3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A hossz\u00fat\u00e1vfut\u00e1s ugyan nem eti\u00f3p tal\u00e1lm\u00e1ny, de Kenya mellett k\u00e9ts\u00e9gtelen\u00fcl a legt\u00f6bb rekordert \u00e9s vil\u00e1gszt\u00e1rt adta az atl\u00e9tik\u00e1nak az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben. Ennek okai r\u00e9szben genetikaiak, melyek <\/span>kiv\u00e9teles biomechanikai \u00e9s metabolikus gazdas\u00e1goss\u00e1got \u00e9s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got tesznek lehet\u0151v\u00e9, m\u00e1s r\u00e9szben az a t\u00e9ny, hogy az orsz\u00e1g adotts\u00e1gai miatt magasan futnak tengerszint felett. A legh\u00edresebb fut\u00f3hely az Entoto hegy a f\u0151v\u00e1ros, Addisz Abeba f\u00f6l\u00f6tt 3000 m\u00e9teren fekszik. Emellett megvannak a saj\u00e1t edz\u00e9sm\u00f3dszereik is.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Eti\u00f3pia<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Manaps\u00e1g Eti\u00f3pi\u00e1ban utazva annyira k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 vil\u00e1gokat l\u00e1tunk, mintha nem is egy kontinensen lenn\u00e9nk. A f\u0151v\u00e1ros toronyh\u00e1zai, az Omo-v\u00f6lgy \u0151si t\u00f6rzsei, a szom\u00e1li hat\u00e1rvid\u00e9ken a sivatagban s\u00f3t sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 tevekarav\u00e1nok, az Eti\u00f3p-magasf\u00f6ld felh\u0151be burkol\u00f3zott falvai vagy Lalibela szikl\u00e1ba v\u00e9sett templomai \u00e9s luxus lodzsai meggy\u0151zik a vil\u00e1gra nyitott uraz\u00f3t arr\u00f3l, hogy egyszer az \u00e9letben \u00e9rdemes r\u00e1sz\u00e1nni n\u00e9h\u00e1ny hetet Eti\u00f3pia megismer\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha sz\u00edvesen utazn\u00e1l Afrik\u00e1ba, b\u00f6ng\u00e9szd \u00e1t a WanderWell t\u00far\u00e1it:<\/span>
<\/span>Marokk\u00f3<\/span>
<\/span><\/a>Tanz\u00e1nia<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eti\u00f3pia kapcs\u00e1n cseppet sem t\u00falz\u00e1s az Afrika teteje jelz\u0151t haszn\u00e1lni. Noha hatalmas ter\u00fcletei fekszenek tengerszint k\u00f6r\u00fcl, s\u0151t m\u00e9g alatta is, az orsz\u00e1g \u00e1tlagos tengerszint feletti magass\u00e1ga 1300 m\u00e9tern\u00e9l is feljebb van. A f\u0151v\u00e1rost\u00f3l, Addisz Abeb\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9szakra az Eti\u00f3p magasf\u00f6ld\u00f6n t\u00f6bb mint k\u00e9t tucat cs\u00facs ny\u00falik n\u00e9gyezer m\u00e9ter f\u00f6l\u00e9. D\u00e9lre pedig a Bale hegys\u00e9g tov\u00e1bbi n\u00e9gyezres […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7945,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,840,184,32,18],"tags":[442],"class_list":["post-7944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emberek","category-etiopia","category-kultura","category-latnivalok","category-utazas","tag-kultura"],"yoast_head":"\nEti\u00f3pia: Egy orsz\u00e1g Afrika tetej\u00e9n - Wanderers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eti\u00f3pia k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 vil\u00e1gok otthona. 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