{"id":7534,"date":"2024-01-25T15:09:10","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T14:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wanderers.hu\/a-keresztenyseg-rovid-tortenete-jordaniaban\/"},"modified":"2025-08-13T13:23:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:23:46","slug":"a-keresztenyseg-rovid-tortenete-jordaniaban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wanderers.hu\/2024\/01\/25\/a-keresztenyseg-rovid-tortenete-jordaniaban\/","title":{"rendered":"A kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jord\u00e1nia a K\u00f6zel-Kelet legsoksz\u00edn\u0171bb, ugyanakkor legb\u00e9k\u00e9sebb orsz\u00e1ga. A helyiek toleranci\u00e1ja messze f\u00f6ld\u00f6n h\u00edres, pedig az orsz\u00e1g h\u00e1rom vil\u00e1gvall\u00e1s t\u00f6r\u00e9spontj\u00e1n fekszik. <\/span>A j\u00fadaizmus \u0151si eml\u00e9keit, mint \u00c1ron s\u00edrj\u00e1t vagy a Nebo-hegyi zar\u00e1ndokhelyet – ahonnan M\u00f3zes el\u0151sz\u00f6r pillantotta meg az \u00cdg\u00e9ret F\u00f6ldj\u00e9t – a muszlim jord\u00e1nok is nagy becsben tartj\u00e1k. De a szint\u00e9n megbecs\u00fclt kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete is Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban kezd\u0151dik.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek kezdete<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Jord\u00e1n foly\u00f3 v\u00f6lgye az \u00f3kori J\u00fadea szerves r\u00e9sze volt. A r\u00f3mai megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s idej\u00e9n, itt, a foly\u00f3 menti falvakban t\u0171nt fel egy nagy hat\u00e1s\u00fa v\u00e1ndorpr\u00f3f\u00e9ta, Keresztel\u0151 J\u00e1nos, aki Krisztus elj\u00f6vetel\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s a b\u0171nb\u00e1natr\u00f3l pr\u00e9dik\u00e1lt. Hogy h\u00edvei l\u00e9lekben megtisztuljanak, a Jord\u00e1n viz\u00e9be mer\u00edtette \u0151ket. Maga J\u00e9zus pedig, aki tan\u00edtv\u00e1nyai t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g\u00e1ban szint\u00e9n a foly\u00f3v\u00f6lgy v\u00e1rosait j\u00e1rta, elj\u00f6tt hozz\u00e1, hogy mer\u00edtse al\u00e1 \u0151t is. Innen ered a kereszts\u00e9g szents\u00e9ge.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne hagyd ki az orsz\u00e1gr\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt \u00e1tfog\u00f3 tud\u00e1st\u00e1runkat<\/a>! Tapasztalt utaz\u00f3k hiteles \u00e9s hasznos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3i. Minden, amit Jord\u00e1nia kapcs\u00e1n tudni \u00e9rdemes a l\u00e1tnival\u00f3kr\u00f3l \u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1r\u00f3l. Megn\u00e9zem<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

J\u00e9zus megkeresztel\u00e9s\u00e9nek helysz\u00edne a jord\u00e1niai Bet\u00e1nia mellett ma is l\u00e1togathat\u00f3. P\u00e1lma- \u00e9s olajfaligetek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, a Szent J\u00e1nos kolostor \u00e1rny\u00e9k\u00e1ban rendszerint sok zar\u00e1ndok pihen meg.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek kezdet\u00e9n a h\u00edv\u0151knek szembe kellett n\u00e9zni\u00fck az \u00fcld\u00f6ztet\u00e9ssel. A mai Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ra is kiterjed\u0151 R\u00f3mai Birodalom \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokig nem t\u0171rte meg J\u00e9zus k\u00f6vet\u0151it, csak I. Constantinus cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r 313-ban kiadott mil\u00e1n\u00f3i ediktuma enged\u00e9lyezte sz\u00e1mukra a szabad vall\u00e1sgyakorl\u00e1st. Innent\u0151l m\u00e1r szervezett form\u00e1ban, p\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9gek ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val gyakorolhatt\u00e1k hit\u00fcket.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g r\u00f6vid vir\u00e1gz\u00e1sa Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A szabad vall\u00e1sgyakorl\u00e1s elhozta a kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g aranykor\u00e1t Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban is. Templomok \u00e9p\u00fcltek a k\u0151sivatagban a vir\u00e1gz\u00f3, \u00e9szaki, r\u00f3mai v\u00e1rost\u00f3l, Jerasht\u00f3l eg\u00e9szen Petr\u00e1ig, a nabateusok \u0151si, r\u00f3zsasz\u00edn v\u00e1ros\u00e1ig. A t\u00f6retlen fejl\u0151d\u00e9s eg\u00e9szen az 551-es bejr\u00fati f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sig, minden id\u0151k egyik legnagyobb term\u00e9szeti katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1j\u00e1ig tartott. A puszt\u00edt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n az \u0151si \u00e9p\u00fcletek hely\u00e9n szinte minden\u00fctt csak romhalmaz maradt. Elpusztult Jerash, a p\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9gi sz\u00e9khely Aeropolisz \u00e9s Petra is.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Kelet-r\u00f3mai Birodalom ekkor m\u00e9g el\u00e9g er\u0151s volt, hogy \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9lessze a Jord\u00e1n foly\u00f3 k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9nek kereszt\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9geit. A katasztr\u00f3fa ut\u00e1n a templomokat renov\u00e1lt\u00e1k, s\u0151t, a kor\u00e1bbi, r\u00f3mai \u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyek t\u00f6rmel\u00e9keit felhaszn\u00e1lva emeltek \u00fajabbakat is. De a hetedik sz\u00e1zad sor\u00e1n \u00fajabb, puszt\u00edt\u00f3 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek tarolt\u00e1k v\u00e9gig a ter\u00fcletet. Ebben az id\u0151szakban \u00e9rkeztek az els\u0151 muszlimok, akik a romos maradv\u00e1nyokb\u00f3l \u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k fel a t\u00e9rs\u00e9g els\u0151 mecseteit.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A muszlim h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1s<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az iszl\u00e1m a hetedik sz\u00e1zad els\u0151 fel\u00e9ben viharos gyorsas\u00e1ggal terjedt el a K\u00f6zel-Keleten. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vtized alatt teljesen kiszor\u00edtotta a kor\u00e1bbi vall\u00e1sokat, a mai Jord\u00e1nia ter\u00fclet\u00e9n \u00e9l\u0151 kereszt\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gekre pedig \u00e1tt\u00e9r\u00e9s vagy hitvall\u00f3 hal\u00e1l v\u00e1rt.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben fut\u00f3 \u0151si kereskedelmi \u00fatvonalakat a tengeri sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s v\u00e1ltotta fel, a r\u00e9gi\u00f3 eln\u00e9ptelenedett, a sivatagi homok pedig lassan betemette az \u00e9vsz\u00e1zados kereszt\u00e9ny eml\u00e9keket.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A keresztes hadj\u00e1ratok<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A tizenegyedik sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9n megjelentek a keresztes lovagok. Az \u00e1ltaluk alap\u00edtott Jeruzs\u00e1lemi Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g csak sz\u0171k egy \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadig \u00e1llt fenn, de mark\u00e1ns nyomokat hagyott a t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben. <\/span>Oultrejordain<\/span><\/i>-nak h\u00edvt\u00e1k a Jord\u00e1n foly\u00f3n t\u00fali ter\u00fcleteket, amelyet uralmuk al\u00e1 hajtottak \u00e9s itt \u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k fel a ma is l\u00e1that\u00f3 \u00e9s l\u00e1togathat\u00f3, monument\u00e1lis v\u00e1raikat, Karak \u00e9s Shoubak er\u0151dj\u00e9t. Ez ut\u00f3bbit Montr\u00e9al n\u00e9ven is ismerhet\u00fcnk \u00e9s Petr\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9szakra, az \u0151si Kir\u00e1lyok \u00datj\u00e1n magasodik a sivatagi t\u00e1j f\u00f6l\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Francia kereszt\u00e9ny \u0151s\u00f6k<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Montr\u00e9al v\u00e1ra 1115-ben, a Jeruzs\u00e1lemi Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g id\u0151szak\u00e1ban \u00e9p\u00fclt \u00e9s egyike volt a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi muszlim t\u00e1mad\u00e1soknak legtov\u00e1bb ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e1ll\u00e1soknak. A f\u0151k\u00e9nt francia sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s\u00fa katon\u00e1k \u00e1ltal v\u00e9dett er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyt k\u00f6rbez\u00e1rt\u00e1k \u00e9s ki\u00e9heztett\u00e9k a muszlim csapatok. B\u00e1r a lovagok feles\u00e9geiket \u00e9s gyermekeiket adt\u00e1k \u00e9lelem\u00e9rt \u00e9s n\u00e9mi halad\u00e9k\u00e9rt cser\u00e9be, v\u00e9g\u00fcl gy\u0151z\u00f6tt a t\u00faler\u0151. A v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151k visszavonultak a Jord\u00e1n nyugati oldal\u00e1ra.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De akadtak olyanok is, akik itt maradtak a lovagok k\u00f6z\u00fcl. Ezek letelepedtek a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 vid\u00e9ken \u00e9s f\u00f6ldm\u0171vel\u00e9sbe kezdtek. Alm\u00e1t \u00e9s h\u00fcvelyeseket termesztettek, m\u00e9h\u00e9szkedtek, megteremtett\u00e9k Shoubak k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9nek messze f\u00f6ld\u00f6n h\u00edres mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g\u00e1t. Ez a mai napig Jord\u00e1nia egyik legfontosabb agr\u00e1ripari ter\u00fclete, az itt \u00e9l\u0151 f\u00f6ldm\u0171vesek k\u00f6z\u00fcl j\u00f3 n\u00e9h\u00e1nynak francia lovagi v\u00e9r cs\u00f6rgedezik az ereiben.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A csend \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadai Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A keresztesek elvonul\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n, a t\u00e9rs\u00e9get visszah\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3 arab Ajj\u00fabida dinasztia, majd az \u0151ket v\u00e1lt\u00f3 egyiptomi mamelukok ellens\u00e9g h\u00edj\u00e1n nem l\u00e1ttak sem katonai, sem egy\u00e9b fant\u00e1zi\u00e1t a Jord\u00e1nt\u00f3l keletre fekv\u0151 vid\u00e9kben, \u00edgy a keresztesek er\u0151djei is lassan lepusztultak az ism\u00e9tl\u0151d\u0151 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9sek \u00e9s a kegyetlen sivatagi id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s miatt. A tizenhatodik sz\u00e1zadban megjelentek a t\u00e9rs\u00e9gben az oszm\u00e1nok, akik az \u00c9szak-Magyarorsz\u00e1gt\u00f3l Eti\u00f3pi\u00e1ig h\u00faz\u00f3d\u00f3 birodalmuk egy jelent\u00e9ktelen, \u00e9rt\u00e9ktelen kis szegletek\u00e9nt tekintettek a mai Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ra. Az eln\u00e9ptelenedett v\u00e1rosok, lepusztult kora-kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e9s ann\u00e1l is \u0151sibb romok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt nom\u00e1d beduinok hajtott\u00e1k \u00e1llataikat \u00e9s \u00e9lt\u00e9k k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s vil\u00e1gukat.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Kihalt<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A madabai felfedez\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A csend a tizenkilencedik sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9ig tartott, amikor egy Madaba nev\u0171, jelent\u00e9ktelen kis faluban a gyerekek k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s k\u0151darabokra leltek. A k\u0151darabokat \u00f6sszeillesztett\u00e9k \u00e9s meglep\u0151dtek, mert azok mindenf\u00e9le k\u00e9pekk\u00e9 \u00e1lltak \u00f6ssze.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamarosan a vid\u00e9kre \u00e9rkezett F. Giuseppe Manfredi, olasz szerzetes r\u00e9g\u00e9sz, aki azonnal kutatni kezdett a leletek ut\u00e1n. Hamar napvil\u00e1gra ker\u00fcltek a vir\u00e1gokat, n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket, \u00e1llatokat, valamint mitol\u00f3giai jeleneteket \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00f3 mozaikok, \u00e9s a k\u00e9tmilli\u00f3 sz\u00ednes darabb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3, leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151 6. sz\u00e1zadi Madaba T\u00e9rk\u00e9p is. Ezen tal\u00e1ljuk Jeruzs\u00e1lem legkor\u00e1bbr\u00f3l fennmaradt \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s\u00e1t, melyet „Szent V\u00e1ros” felirattal jel\u00f6ltek meg. Fontos r\u00e9szleteket k\u00f6z\u00f6l a v\u00e1ros nevezetess\u00e9geir\u0151l, utc\u00e1ir\u00f3l, \u00edgy k\u00e9s\u0151bb kulcsk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lt a Jeruzs\u00e1lemet felt\u00e1r\u00f3 r\u00e9g\u00e9szek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A Madaba T\u00e9rk\u00e9pen ezen t\u00fal m\u00e9g Palesztina \u00e9s a N\u00edlus-delta hegyei, v\u00f6lgyei, falvai \u00e9s v\u00e1rosai is megjelennek.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A felfedez\u00e9snek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en Madaba lett a mozaikok v\u00e1rosa, \u00e9s ami tal\u00e1n enn\u00e9l is fontosabb, legink\u00e1bb Manfredi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9ge nyom\u00e1n, \u00fajra kereszt\u00e9ny k\u00f6zpontt\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g a modern Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az oszm\u00e1nok buk\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n brit mand\u00e1tum k\u00f6vetkezett, majd 1949-ben kiki\u00e1ltott\u00e1k a Jord\u00e1n Hasimita Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1got. Az uralkod\u00f3k az\u00f3ta egys\u00e9gesen ki\u00e1llnak a szabad vall\u00e1sgyakorlat mellett. B\u00e1r a szunnita jog nem teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9 m\u00e1s vall\u00e1s\u00fa misszion\u00e1riusok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t, sem a muzulm\u00e1nok \u00e1tt\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t, a kereszt\u00e9ny kult\u00fara ma vir\u00e1gzik Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kereszt\u00e9nyek a lakoss\u00e1g 4%-\u00e1t teszik ki, nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l 250.000-en \u00e9lnek f\u0151k\u00e9nt Madab\u00e1ban \u00e9s az \u00e9szaki v\u00e1rosokban. A k\u00f6zelm\u00faltban zajl\u00f3 t\u00e9rs\u00e9g beli konfliktusok hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra 150.000 iraki, assz\u00edr kereszt\u00e9nyt is befogadtak \u00e9s telep\u00edtettek le Amman k\u00f6rny\u00e9k\u00e9n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A kir\u00e1ly alkotm\u00e1nyba foglalta a kereszt\u00e9ny kisebbs\u00e9g jogait: kv\u00f3t\u00e1val rendelkeznek a jord\u00e1n parlamentben \u00e9s a kabinetben, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 \u0151k adj\u00e1k a mindenkori minisztereln\u00f6k-helyettest is. A tehet\u0151s muszlimok kereszt\u00e9ny iskol\u00e1ba j\u00e1ratj\u00e1k a gyerekeiket, Amman sz\u00f3rakoz\u00f3helyeit pedig megt\u00f6ltik a szabadon buliz\u00f3 kereszt\u00e9ny fiatalok.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Madab\u00e1ban egyszerre hallani a m\u00fcezzint \u00e9s a templomi harangsz\u00f3t \u00e9s minden \u00e9vben hatalmas \u00fcnnep a kar\u00e1csony. Jord\u00e1nia legnagyobb feny\u0151f\u00e1j\u00e1t v\u00e1gj\u00e1k ki \u00e9s \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k fel a Szent-Gy\u00f6rgy templom el\u0151tti t\u00e9ren ekkor, ahol kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e9s muszlim egy\u00fctt \u00fcnnepli J\u00e9zus sz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u00e9nek napj\u00e1t – a kereszt\u00e9nyek bort kortyolva, a muzulm\u00e1nok pedig az elmaradhatatlan v\u00edzipip\u00e1jukat sz\u00edvva, egy\u00fctt, b\u00e9k\u00e9ben.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jord\u00e1nia a K\u00f6zel-Kelet legsoksz\u00edn\u0171bb, ugyanakkor legb\u00e9k\u00e9sebb orsz\u00e1ga. A helyiek toleranci\u00e1ja messze f\u00f6ld\u00f6n h\u00edres, pedig az orsz\u00e1g h\u00e1rom vil\u00e1gvall\u00e1s t\u00f6r\u00e9spontj\u00e1n fekszik. A j\u00fadaizmus \u0151si eml\u00e9keit, mint \u00c1ron s\u00edrj\u00e1t vagy a Nebo-hegyi zar\u00e1ndokhelyet – ahonnan M\u00f3zes el\u0151sz\u00f6r pillantotta meg az \u00cdg\u00e9ret F\u00f6ldj\u00e9t – a muszlim jord\u00e1nok is nagy becsben tartj\u00e1k. De a szint\u00e9n megbecs\u00fclt kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7535,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[742,184,18],"tags":[446,704,442,705,449],"class_list":["post-7534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jordania","category-kultura","category-utazas","tag-jordania","tag-keresztenyseg","tag-kultura","tag-madaba","tag-petra"],"yoast_head":"\nA kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g Jord\u00e1ni\u00e1ban - Wanderers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jord\u00e1nia a K\u00f6zel-Kelet legb\u00e9k\u00e9sebb orsz\u00e1ga, pedig h\u00e1rom vil\u00e1gvall\u00e1s t\u00f6r\u00e9spontj\u00e1n fekszik. 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