{"id":7498,"date":"2024-01-21T19:52:17","date_gmt":"2024-01-21T18:52:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wanderers.hu\/a-balinez-vilagkep\/"},"modified":"2025-08-13T13:22:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:22:44","slug":"a-balinez-vilagkep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wanderers.hu\/2024\/01\/21\/a-balinez-vilagkep\/","title":{"rendered":"A mindens\u00e9g rendje Balin \u2013 a balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p alapjai"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p alapja a magass\u00e1g \u00e9s a m\u00e9ly\u00e9g kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bali szigete a csod\u00e1latos term\u00e9szeti adotts\u00e1gain t\u00fal, els\u0151 sorban a k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges hindu vall\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1r\u00f3l lett h\u00edres. A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p az itt \u00e9l\u0151 emberek teljes \u00e9let\u00e9t meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 bels\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00fcls\u0151 ir\u00e1nyt\u0171 eg\u00e9szen elemi rendszerhez igazodik. A viszony\u00edt\u00e1si pontok \u0151sid\u0151kt\u0151l fogva a term\u00e9szet jelens\u00e9geihez k\u00f6t\u0151dnek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A legt\u00f6bb l\u00e1togat\u00f3 l\u00e9gi \u00faton \u00e9rkezik Balira. A lesz\u00e1ll\u00f3p\u00e1ly\u00e1hoz k\u00f6zeledve, m\u00e1r a g\u00e9p ablak\u00e1b\u00f3l felt\u0171nik a szigetet k\u00f6rbe\u00f6lel\u0151 v\u00e9gtelen \u00f3ce\u00e1n csillog\u00f3 k\u00e9ks\u00e9ge \u00e9s a szigeten magasod\u00f3 vulk\u00e1nok s\u00f6t\u00e9t k\u0151halmai. A legmagasabb t\u0171zh\u00e1ny\u00f3, a Gunung Agung 3031 m\u00e9teres f\u00fcst\u00f6lg\u0151 cs\u00facs\u00e1val uralja a l\u00e1tk\u00e9pet, amint \u00e1tt\u00f6ri a Bali f\u00f6l\u00f6tt lebeg\u0151 p\u00e1rar\u00e9teget \u00e9s a h\u00f3fer\u00e9r, habpamacs form\u00e1j\u00fa felh\u0151ket. A Gunung Agunghoz \u00e9s a v\u00e9gtelen \u00f3ce\u00e1nhoz k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sek jelentik az itt \u00e9l\u0151 emberek vil\u00e1gn\u00e9zet\u00e9nek alappill\u00e9reit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne hagyd ki az \u00fati c\u00e9lr\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt \u00e1tfog\u00f3 tud\u00e1st\u00e1runkat<\/a>! Tapasztalt utaz\u00f3k hiteles \u00e9s hasznos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3i. Minden, amit Bali kapcs\u00e1n tudni \u00e9rdemes a l\u00e1tnival\u00f3kr\u00f3l, t\u00far\u00e1kr\u00f3l, bel\u00e9p\u0151kr\u0151l \u00e9s \u00e9telekr\u0151l. Megn\u00e9zem<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Balin\u00e9z<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hegy fel\u00e9: kaja – tenger fel\u00e9: kelod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p szerint, az \u00e9gig \u00e9r\u0151 Agung vulk\u00e1n a vil\u00e1g tengelye, az egykor \u00e9lt \u0151s\u00f6k \u00e9s az \u00e9gi istenek lak\u00f3helye. A ma is akt\u00edv t\u0171zh\u00e1ny\u00f3 kit\u00f6r\u00e9sei olykor komoly puszt\u00edt\u00e1st v\u00e9geznek a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 t\u00e1jban \u00e9s a k\u00f6zeli telep\u00fcl\u00e9sekben, nem ritk\u00e1n hal\u00e1los \u00e1ldozatot is k\u00f6vetelve. M\u00e9gis, a kr\u00e1ter\u00e9b\u0151l el\u0151t\u00f6r\u0151 hamues\u0151 kiv\u00e9telesen term\u00e9kenny\u00e9 teszi Bali sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldjeit \u00e9s rizsteraszait. A balin\u00e9zek szerint az Agung vulk\u00e1n az \u00e9let forr\u00e1sa, ez\u00e9rt a magass\u00e1ghoz, az istenihez \u00e9s a teremt\u00e9shez kapcsolj\u00e1k. Az Agung cs\u00facsa fel\u00e9 mutat\u00f3 ir\u00e1nyt kaja<\/i>-nak nevezik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezzel ellent\u00e9tes a szigetet k\u00f6rbe\u00f6lel\u0151 \u00f3ce\u00e1nr\u00f3l alkotott felfog\u00e1s. Bali partjait gyakran ostromolj\u00e1k vihardag\u00e1lyok \u00e9s nem ritk\u00e1k a cunamik sem. Ez a f\u00f6ldalatti k\u00e9regmozg\u00e1soknak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, ami az eg\u00e9sz r\u00e9gi\u00f3ra jellemz\u0151. A balin\u00e9zek szerint az \u00f3ce\u00e1ni m\u00e9lys\u00e9g az \u00e1rt\u00f3 d\u00e9monok, gonosz er\u0151k otthona, akik folyamatosan az \u00e9let \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g rendje ellen t\u00f6rnek. A tengerv\u00edz r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul s\u00f3s, ihatatlan \u00e9s a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldeket se lehet meg\u00f6nt\u00f6zni vele. A balin\u00e9zek rettegnek a ny\u00edlt v\u00edzt\u0151l, jellemz\u0151en nem tudnak \u00faszni \u00e9s nem sz\u00edvesen mer\u00e9szkednek a hull\u00e1mok k\u00f6z\u00e9 sem. Az \u00f3ce\u00e1nhoz ez\u00e9rt a hal\u00e1l, a s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9g, az alvil\u00e1g, a gonoszs\u00e1g fogalmait t\u00e1rs\u00edtj\u00e1k, a fel\u00e9 mutat\u00f3 ir\u00e1nyt pedig kelod<\/i>-nak nevezik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Balin\u00e9z<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Balin\u00e9z ir\u00e1nyt\u0171<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A kaja<\/i> \u00e9s a kelod<\/i> nem csak elvont, filozofikus \u00e9rtelemben l\u00e9teznek a balin\u00e9zek vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p\u00e9ben. A h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapokban a fent<\/i> \u00e9s a lent<\/i> ir\u00e1nyait is ezekkel jel\u00f6lik a szigeten, az itt \u00e9l\u0151k ezt a k\u00e9t ir\u00e1nyt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3d\u00e1shoz. De ezt az ir\u00e1nyrendszert nem szabad \u00f6sszet\u00e9veszteni az ir\u00e1nyt\u0171 \u00e1ltal jelzett \u00e9szak – d\u00e9llel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kaja<\/i>, vagyis a fent, a sziget d\u00e9li oldal\u00e1n j\u00e1rva \u00e9szak fel\u00e9 fog mutatni, \u00e1m \u00e9szakon ugyanez m\u00e1r a d\u00e9li ir\u00e1nyt jel\u00f6li majd. A kelod d\u00e9len d\u00e9l fel\u00e9, az \u00f3ce\u00e1n fel\u00e9 ir\u00e1nyul, \u00e1m a sziget \u00e9szaki oldal\u00e1n m\u00e1r \u00e9szak fel\u00e9, szint\u00e9n a tenger fel\u00e9 fog mutatni. Teh\u00e1t a k\u00f6z\u00e9ppont mindig az Agung vulk\u00e1n lesz, melyhez k\u00e9pest meghat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k a lentit \u00e9s fentet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Balin\u00e9z<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bali d\u00e9li partjaihoz k\u00f6zel fekszik egy gy\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u0171 sziget, Nusa Penida. \u00c1m ez a sziget a balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p alapj\u00e1n a legs\u00f6t\u00e9tebb kelod, <\/i>hiszen m\u00e9lyen bent az \u00f3ce\u00e1nban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A legt\u00f6bb balin\u00e9z soha \u00e9let\u00e9ben nem j\u00e1rt m\u00e9g Nusa Penid\u00e1n \u00e9s semmi p\u00e9nz\u00e9rt nem is tenn\u00e9 a l\u00e1b\u00e1t e \u201e d\u00e9moni lenti\u201c szigetre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A balin\u00e9zek vil\u00e1gk\u00e9pe teh\u00e1t szigor\u00faan geocentrikus, hiszen nem csup\u00e1n maga Bali szigete sz\u00e1m\u00edt a vil\u00e1g k\u00f6zep\u00e9nek, de annak felh\u0151k f\u00f6l\u00e9 ny\u00fal\u00f3 legmagasabb t\u0171zh\u00e1ny\u00f3ja, az Agung vulk\u00e1n, egyenesen a Vil\u00e1g Tengelye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nusa<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kain poleng – Jin \u00e9s Jang a balin\u00e9z kult\u00far\u00e1ban<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p \u00e9rtelemben f\u00e9ny n\u00e9lk\u00fcl nincsen s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9g, gonosz n\u00e9lk\u00fcl nem l\u00e9tezik a j\u00f3, fent n\u00e9lk\u00fcl nincsen lent. A teljess\u00e9g a kaja \u00e9s a kelod egys\u00e9ge, a k\u00e9t ellent\u00e9tes princ\u00edpium harmonikus \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az emberek vil\u00e1ga vagyis Bali szigete az Agung vulk\u00e1n cs\u00facsa \u00e9s az \u00f3ce\u00e1n m\u00e9ly\u00e9ge k\u00f6z\u00f6tt helyezkedik el, a f\u00e9ny \u00e9s a s\u00f6t\u00e9t, a teremt\u0151 er\u0151 \u00e9s a puszt\u00edt\u00e1s birodalma k\u00f6z\u00f6tt f\u00e9l\u00faton. Minden, ami jelen van az emberi vil\u00e1gban bizonyos r\u00e9szben kaja, m\u00e1s r\u00e9szben kelod. Az ember term\u00e9szet\u00e9re is jellemz\u0151 ez a kett\u0151ss\u00e9g. Ez az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 a k\u00ednai Jin \u00e9s Jang rendszer\u00e9hez, melyek fekete-feh\u00e9r r\u00e9szekre tagol\u00f3d\u00f3 k\u00f6r alak\u00fa szimboluma k\u00f6zismert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egy ehhez hasonl\u00f3 szimb\u00f3lum Balin is megjelenik, kain poleng <\/i>a neve \u00e9s els\u0151re \u00fagy t\u0171nik, mintha egy fekete-feh\u00e9r kock\u00e1s ter\u00edt\u0151 lenne. A kain polenggel gyakran szent f\u00e1k t\u00f6rzs\u00e9t, \u00fat menti vagy templomb\u00e9li szobrokat ker\u00edtenek k\u00f6rbe, de a leggyakrabban ruhaviseletk\u00e9nt jelenik meg. Van h\u00e1rom sz\u00edn\u0171 v\u00e1ltozata is, de a jelent\u00e9se ez: az ellent\u00e9tes er\u0151k egyens\u00falya \u00e9s harm\u00f3ni\u00e1ja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tri Mandala – a vil\u00e1g h\u00e1rom r\u00e9gi\u00f3ja a balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p szerint<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A kaja \u00e9s kelod dualista rendszer\u00e9ben vagyis az istenek \u00e9gi \u00e9s a d\u00e9monok alvil\u00e1gi birodalma k\u00f6z\u00f6tt lebeg az emberek vil\u00e1ga. \u00cdgy a lent \u00e9s a fent k\u00e9t ir\u00e1nya kieg\u00e9sz\u00fcl egy haradikkal: a k\u00f6z\u00e9ppel. Minden, mi a vil\u00e1gon csak l\u00e9tezik,  <\/span>h\u00e1rom r\u00e9szre oszthat\u00f3: fenti, k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 \u00e9s als\u00f3 r\u00e9gi\u00f3ra. A term\u00e9szet minden l\u00e9tez\u0151j\u00e9re igaz ez, amint az emberi testre, a lak\u00f3 \u00e9p\u00fcletre, templomra, egy telep\u00fcl\u00e9sre de mag\u00e1ra a t\u00e1rsadalomra is. Ennek a h\u00e1rom r\u00e9gi\u00f3nak a neve: utama<\/i> – fels\u0151, madya<\/i> – k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 \u00e9s nista<\/i> – als\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az emberi test eset\u00e9ben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a fej az utama r\u00e9gi\u00f3hoz, a t\u00f6rzs a madya<\/i>-hoz, m\u00edg a l\u00e1bak, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a l\u00e1bfej \u00e9s a talpak a nista<\/i>-hoz kapcsol\u00f3dnak. Balin az egyik legnagyobb s\u00e9rt\u00e9snek sz\u00e1m\u00edt, ha egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u00e9tkez\u00e9shez le\u00fclve, kiny\u00fajtva m\u00e1sok fel\u00e9 ford\u00edtjuk a l\u00e1bunkat, \u00fagy hogy a talpaink l\u00e1tsz\u00f3dnak. Az a p\u00f3z, amely egy eur\u00f3pai sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00e9nyelmes \u00e9s term\u00e9szetes lehet, a balin\u00e9z kult\u00far\u00e1ban visszatetsz\u00e9st kelt. Nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l olyan, mintha n\u00e1lunk valaki egy hasonl\u00f3 szitu\u00e1ci\u00f3ban sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kosan \u00e9s hangosan szellentene. Balin jobb, ha az utaz\u00f3 diszkr\u00e9ten maga al\u00e1 h\u00fazza a l\u00e1bait \u00e9s nem illetlenkedik.
Hasonl\u00f3an fontos \u00e9szben tartani, hogy az ember feje, bele \u00e9rtve a legkisebb gyerekeket is, a szellem lakhelye, \u00edgy k\u00f6zvetlen kapcsolatban \u00e1ll a legfels\u0151bb \u00e9gi er\u0151kkel. Nem illik, s\u0151t kifejezetten arrog\u00e1ns gesztusnak sz\u00e1m\u00edt egy balin\u00e9z fej\u00e9nek meg\u00e9rint\u00e9se. B\u00e1rmilyen b\u00e1josak is a gyermekek, a fej\u00fcket nekik sem szabad meg\u00e9rinteni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kulcs Bali telep\u00fcl\u00e9seihez<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Tri Mandala <\/i>h\u00e1rmas felosz\u00e1sa \u00f6sszekombin\u00e1lva a kaja<\/i> \u00e9s kelod<\/i> ir\u00e1nyokkal  <\/span>olyan kulcsot ad, mellyel k\u00f6nnyebb eligazodni Balin. Ugyanis a sziget \u00f6sszes telep\u00fcl\u00e9se a balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p egys\u00e9ges rendszere alapj\u00e1n \u00e9p\u00fcl fel. Minden falu \u00e9s v\u00e1ros az Agung vulk\u00e1nhoz \u00e9s az \u00f3ce\u00e1nhoz lett t\u00e1jolva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egy telep\u00fcl\u00e9s utama<\/i> vagyis fels\u0151 r\u00e9sze mindig a kaja<\/i> vagyis az isteni vulk\u00e1n, az Agung ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba fog esni, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy \u00e9pp mely r\u00e9sz\u00e9n \u00e1llunk Balinak \u00e9s milyenek a helyi domborzati viszonyok. Ez a ter\u00fclet lesz a legszentebb, legtiszt\u00e1b hely. Itt \u00e9p\u00edtik fel a Pura Puseh<\/i> templomot. A Pura Puseh minden balin\u00e9z v\u00e1sorban vagy faluban az \u0151s\u00f6k \u00e9s az istenek temploma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vele ellent\u00e9tes helyen, a telep\u00fcl\u00e9s kelod<\/i> vagyis als\u00f3, teh\u00e1t az \u00f3ce\u00e1n fel\u00e9 es\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a Pura Dalem, a holtak temploma. Ez a szent hely \u00e1ll kapcsolatban a halott\u00e9get\u00e9ssel \u00e9s a temetkez\u00e9ssel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e9l\u00faton, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban egy tipikus balin\u00e9z telep\u00fcl\u00e9s k\u00f6zponti r\u00e9sz\u00e9n, a legf\u0151bb \u00fatkeresztez\u0151d\u00e9sn\u00e9l \u00e1ll a Pura Desa templom, mely a h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapi vall\u00e1sgyakorl\u00e1s, az \u00fcnneps\u00e9gek \u00e9s a falugy\u0171l\u00e9sek helysz\u00edne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl b\u00e1rmelyik templommal tal\u00e1lkozik az utaz\u00f3, pontosan felm\u00e9rheti, hogy az adott telep\u00fcl\u00e9s mely r\u00e9sz\u00e9n tart\u00f3zkodik \u00e9ppen \u00e9s merre tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az Agung t\u0171zh\u00e1ny\u00f3 olykor hal\u00e1lt hoz\u00f3, m\u00e1skor \u00e9letet ad\u00f3 f\u00fcst\u00f6lg\u0151 hegycs\u00facsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p alapja a magass\u00e1g \u00e9s a m\u00e9ly\u00e9g kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1sa Bali szigete a csod\u00e1latos term\u00e9szeti adotts\u00e1gain t\u00fal, els\u0151 sorban a k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges hindu vall\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s kult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1r\u00f3l lett h\u00edres. A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p az itt \u00e9l\u0151 emberek teljes \u00e9let\u00e9t meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 bels\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00fcls\u0151 ir\u00e1nyt\u0171 eg\u00e9szen elemi rendszerhez igazodik. A viszony\u00edt\u00e1si pontok \u0151sid\u0151kt\u0151l fogva a term\u00e9szet jelens\u00e9geihez k\u00f6t\u0151dnek. A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[738,19,184,18],"tags":[393,700,329,442,709,333],"class_list":["post-7498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bali","category-emberek","category-kultura","category-utazas","tag-bali","tag-hinduizmus","tag-indonezia","tag-kultura","tag-ocean","tag-vulkan"],"yoast_head":"\nA mindens\u00e9g rendje Balin \u2013 a balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p alapjai - Wanderers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A balin\u00e9z vil\u00e1gk\u00e9p \u0151sid\u0151kt\u0151l fogva a term\u00e9szet er\u0151ihez igazodik. 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